A TENS unit delivers low-voltage electrical impulses through skin electrodes to interrupt pain signals and stimulate endorphin release—providing short-term back pain relief.

A bulging disc extends beyond its normal spinal boundary but keeps the outer annular wall intact — no rupture, no leakage. Learn the key differences from a herniated disc, what causes it, how it's diagnosed, and which non-surgical treatments work best.

Pain management for spine conditions is a multidisciplinary medical specialty that applies pharmacological, interventional, rehabilitative, and psychologic

An epidural steroid injection (ESI) delivers corticosteroid medication into the epidural space of the spine to reduce nerve inflammation and relieve radicular pain. ESIs are most effective for short-term relief of acute nerve compression but are not recommended for chronic low back pain as a standalone treatment. Learn when ESIs help, when they don't, and what non-surgical alternatives exist.

A discogram (provocation discography) is a fluoroscopically guided diagnostic injection used to identify whether a specific spinal disc is the source of a patient's pain.

Non-surgical spine treatment is any structured clinical approach that addresses spinal pain, nerve compression, or disc damage without an operation.

Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal or neural foramina that compresses the spinal cord or nerve roots, causing pain, numbness, or weakness.